lab+3



= = ==__THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON __==


 * __The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower extremities and the shoulder and hip girdles.__

__The pectoral or shoulder girdle attaches the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton__**

__**Clavicle** The clavicle or collar bone lies horizontally in the superior and anterior part of thorax superior to the first rib and articulates with the sternum and the clavicle. The clavicle, one of the most frequently broken bones in the body, transmits mechanical force from the upper limb to the trunk.__

__**Scapula** The scapula or shoulder blade articulates with the clavicle and the hume rus. The scapulae articulate with other bones anteriorly, but are held in place posteriorly only by complex shoulder and back musculature.__ [|.]


 * || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/Scapula.jpg width="425" height="462" align="center"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image60a.jpg width="379" height="576"]] ||
 * [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/scp_1.jpg width="346" height="438"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image117b.jpg width="309" height="464"]] ||
 * 2: Vertebral border 3: Inferior angle 6: Glenoid fossa 7: Coracoid process 8: Acromion**
 * || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/scp_1.jpg width="346" height="438"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image116c.jpg width="433" height="415"]] ||
 * 1: Superior angle 2: Vertebral border 3: Inferior angle 4: Subscapular fossa 5: Infrglenoid tubercle 6: Glenoid fossa**
 * 7: Coracoid process 8: Acromion 9: Suprascapular notch**

=Bones of the Arm and Forearm= The arm bone is the **humerus** and the forearm bones are the **radius** and **ulna**

Each upper limb consists of 30 bones including the humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. It articulates proximally with the scapula and distally at the elbow with both the radius and ulna. The ulna is located on the medial aspect of the forearm. The radius is located on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm. The radius and ulna articulate with the humerus at the elbow joint with each other, and with three carpal bones. The eight carpal bones, bound together by ligaments, comprise the wrist. Five metacarpal bones are contained in the palm of each hand. Each hand contains 14 phalanges, three in each finger and two in each thumb.
 * Humerus**
 * Ulna and Radius**
 * Carpals, Metacarpal, and Phalanges**

HUMERUS ++++++++++ **MUST KNOW THESE LANDMARKS ++++++++**
 * * head
 * anatomical neck
 * greater tubercle
 * lesser tubercle
 * crest of the greater tubercle
 * crest of the lesser tubercle
 * intertubercular sulcus (groove)
 * deltoid tuberosity
 * medial epicondyle
 * lateral epicondyle
 * capitulum
 * trochlea
 * coronoid fossa
 * olecranon fossa || [[image:http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/anthumerus.jpg]] || [[image:http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/posthumerus.jpg]] ||


 * RADIUS & ULNA**
 * * head
 * neck
 * radial tuberosity
 * styloid process
 * coronoid process
 * olecranon process
 * ulnar tuberosity
 * styloid process || [[image:http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/antpostrad&ul.jpg]] [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/humerus_head.jpg width="432" height="320"]]

[|HANDS]__(CARPALS)__

[|HAND (PHALANGES] || || 3: Second Metacarpal 4: Trapezium 5: Trapezoid 6: Scaphoid 7: Capitate 8: Lunate 9: Triquetral 10: Pisiform 11: Hamate ||
 * [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Image79a.jpg width="450" height="375"]] ||
 * [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/vhand%20copy.jpg width="416" height="379"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Image10b.jpg width="459" height="576"]] ||
 * [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Image10a.jpg width="459" height="576"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Image80a.jpg width="504" height="295"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Image116b.jpg width="504" height="450"]] ||  || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/hum_1.jpg width="251" height="448"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image116d.jpg width="398" height="418"]] ||   ||
 * 1: Head 2: Lesser Tubercle 3: Surgical Neck 9.Bicipital Groove 10: Greater Tubercle 11: Anatomical Neck**
 * || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/humerus_lowerend.jpg width="367" height="234"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Image496a.jpg width="504" height="442"]] ||  || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/hum_1.jpg width="251" height="448"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image497e.jpg width="334" height="468"]] ||   ||
 * 5: Medial Epicondyle 6: Trochlea 7: Radial Head 8: Lateral Epicondyle**
 * [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/RU.jpg width="310" height="539"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Image518a.jpg width="262" height="576"]] ||
 * [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Image496a.jpg width="504" height="442"]] ||  ||
 * [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/Radius_a.jpg width="222" height="472" align="right"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image518b.jpg width="197" height="432"]] ||
 * [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/Radius_lowerend.jpg width="360" height="380" align="right"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image518e.jpg width="360" height="256"]] ||
 * [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/ru_1.jpg width="334" height="425"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image496b.jpg width="404" height="399"]] ||
 * 1: Head of Radius 2: Bicipital Tuberocity 3: Olecrenon 4: Coronoid Process**
 * || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/ru_1.jpg width="334" height="425"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image518f.jpg width="384" height="333"]] ||
 * 5: Styloid process of Ulna 6: Styloid process of Radius**
 * [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/Radius_lowerend.jpg width="360" height="380" align="right"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image518e.jpg width="360" height="256"]] ||
 * [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/ru_1.jpg width="334" height="425"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image496b.jpg width="404" height="399"]] ||
 * 1: Head of Radius 2: Bicipital Tuberocity 3: Olecrenon 4: Coronoid Process**
 * || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/Bone_box/ru_1.jpg width="334" height="425"]] || [[image:http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/Bones/image518f.jpg width="384" height="333"]] ||
 * 5: Styloid process of Ulna 6: Styloid process of Radius**